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Description of Ganesha in Vedas

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Description of Ganesha in Vedas

We find the description of Ganapati in many contexts in the Vedas, undisputedly the most ancient literature. Other deities such as Mitravarunas, Maruts, Indra - Upendras etc., mentioned in the Vedas are seldom mentioned in subsequent treatises such as the Puranas. But Ganapati has been worshipped since time immemorial till today.

"Ganaanaam tvaa ganapatim havaamahe....." is a popular hymn found both in the Rigveda and the Yajurveda. This mantra indicates that Ganapati is not only the head of the Ganas, but also of the Brahmas. The Ganapati Sooktas of Samaveda echo the same idea. In the Atharvana Veda, there is a separate Upanishad dedicated to Ganapati. It is called as Ganapati Atharva Sheersha Upanishad. There are nine other Upanishads such as Ganesha Poorva Taapini Upanishad, Uttara Taapini Upanishad etc. Vallabheshopanishat and Herambhopanishat are also available. In addition to these, there is Ganesha Geeta containing eleven chapters.

Upanishads are parts of the Vedas that deliberate on the Ultimate Truth. They elucidate the way of achieving the Paratattwa through both Saguna and Nirguna methods. Ganapati Atharva Sheersha Upanishad first narrates about Nirguna form of worship and then about the Saguna form of worship. While describing the Saguna form of worship, the Upanishad has also revealed the significance of the various aspects of the manifest form of Ganapati.

The Ganesha Upanishad has given us valuable mantras like 'Ganesha Ekakshari Mantra', 'Saptakshari Mantra', 'Ganesha Gayatri' and has thereby provided guidance to Tantra Shastras which have Upasana (intent practice of worship) as their theme.By stating that Lord Ganapati always resides in the Mooladhara Chakra, the Upanishad has established a relation between Yoga Shastra and Tantra Shastra.

Considering all these aspects, the Tantra Shastras have said that the important Beejaksharas of Ganapati are Gam and Gloum. 'Ga' is the symbol for the fundamental principle of Ganapati. Lakara (the seed letter Lam) is the Beejakshara of Mooladhara Chakra. Omkara is the modified form of Pranava. Therefore it can be said that the seed letter - Gloum, represents the combination of Ganapati Tattwa, Mooladhara Yoga Tattva and the Nirguna Pranava Tattva.

Based on the description available in the Vedas, the later scriptures - the Puranas - have given us an exhaustive description of the meditative form of Ganapati and His legend.